Bodoni Typeface Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bodoni Typeface - Research Paper Example lopments lastly finished with the level un organized typeface which were viewed as incredibly not the same as good and bad strokes and contained a geometrical projection.The Bodoni and italics have been extensively utilized and have transformed into a fundamental piece of todays typographic apparatus, setting the phase in meaning the finish of calligraphy and the start of refined, complex and composed printing. Most likely, Giambattista Bodoni inferred for his typefaces to be seen and perused, and his undertakings were expected to be viewed and recognized as works of art rather than just correspondence (Clair 273). During the verifiable occasions, it was applied generally during the eighteenth century in the Italian books. Some modernized variations of Bodoni are supposed to be hard to scrutinize due to shock welcomed on by the trading thick and thin strokes, particularly as the thin strokes are wobbly at little point sizes Clair (273). This happens when show adjustments are used at content sizes, and it is also legitimate for much show sort that is utilized at content sizes. Non-dazzling interpretations of Bodoni that are proposed to be utilized at content size are Bodoni Old Face, updated for 9 centers; ITC Bodoni 12 (for 12 focuses); and ITC Bodoni 6 (for 6 core interests. Bodo has been applied in for a wide blend of material, going from eighteenth-century Italian books to 1960s periodicals. It is additionally utilized in Hilton lodgings on bar and menus inside the inns. During the 21century, the late way shapes continue being actualized as a piece of publicizing while the early way frames a re intermittently used for fine book printing. Ted Hughes a UK Poet and Laureate additionally utilized Bodoni, during the times of 1984â€1998. All in all, right now the Typeface isn't withstanding, comparable to the advancement availability carefully in this age. Bodoni isn't easy to use (in the setting of pixels, eBooks, tablets and so forth) because of its convincing separation in stroke weight and air transport

The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Literary Analysis, Tennessee Williams

Tennessee William’s â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† and John Updike’s â€Å"A and P† are the two stories of anguishing imprisonment and possible departure. Tom and Sammy are caught in a spot where they work away their reality, unfit to flee from their hopeless conditions because of a restricting power holding them hostage. Their families depend on them to acquire what salary they can, and neither Sammy nor Tom wishes to let down those ward upon him. Both have employments which are steady and possibly deep rooted; be that as it may, they want energy and opportunity as opposed to the interminable schedules to which they are bound. The men are down and out in the conditions to which they are limited, and it requires an impetus to start the desire to get autonomous. Experiencing a change which makes them fully aware of a world that lies past the restricted existences of abuse they recently drove, they make the troublesome progress to more noteworthy individual flex ibility. Complete freedom is just accomplished by Sammy, be that as it may; Tom is genuinely free yet left with the memory of his dear sister Laura, everlastingly restricting his heart to the home he once knew. Sammy and Tom are compelled to repetitive employments which need increase or prize; their sicken of the workplace and the individuals who hold them prisoner is obvious. Sammy needs regard for the clients, whom he assesses to be â€Å"sheep pushing their trucks down the aisle† (Updike 1493). He depicts his chief, Lengel, as a â€Å"very patient and old and gray† (Updike 1496) man who is â€Å"pretty dreary† (Updike 1495) †a supervisor with a dry character which coordinates that of the store itself. The An and P is a store which runs on arrangement, similar to a clock whose riggings are required to interlock and snap away consistently yet are of no worth separately. Feeling ... ...u behind me, yet I am more loyal than I proposed to be! I †¦[do]†¦anything that can blow your candles out!† (Williams 97). While he has accomplished an opportunity in the feeling of room and funds, he is as yet pulled back home by the consistent however of his sister whom he cherished profoundly. He feels a feeling of regret for being one more man to desert Laura, a weight that Sammy doesn't convey on the grounds that he left just work, not his family. Both Sammy and Tom are freed from the ruined circumstances they end up in, however Sammy discovers his activities to prompt a progressively idealistic future while Tom can just choose not to move on. They discover that life can't be lived dependent on the wants of others, nor can an occupation be exclusively for financial increases; there must be objectives toward which to walk. Just when they understand this are they ready to discover genuine opportunity throughout everyday life.

Where to Find Cheap Holiday Deals Online

Where to Find Cheap Holiday Deals Online Where to Find Cheap Holiday Deals Online From obtaining a working holiday visa in Australia or New Zealand to renting a campervan for a month, there are about a million ways you could travel the world without breaking the bank, so even if you’ve struggled to save any money for the holidays, you could still have a fantastic time. Finding those sweet holiday deals isn’t always easy though, which is why we’ve done the legwork for you and found a series of fantastic cheap holidays available from various holiday providers. Book now before they go! 1. Spend a weekend in Amsterdam for less than US$200 You should be able to fly to Amsterdam for as little as ˜US$150 if you book through BlueTicket, a network of airlines selling discount tickets to students. The price of a cheap hostel bed in Amsterdam should be ˜US$60. Once you’re in Amsterdam, don’t forget to sample Dutch delicacies, like Patatje Oorlog, and explore its red light district, notorious “coffee shops” and canals. 2. Work and travel in the Antipodes If you’d like to live Down Under for a few months but haven’t got the funds, agencies such as STA Travel sell “starter packs” to students interested in working abroad for a short while. For ˜US$452, they’ll help you obtain a 12-month working holiday visa, do your taxes for you, sort out your superannuation refund and even help you land short-term jobs in the country. If you’re interested in working in New Zealand, their starter packs are even cheaper. From ˜US$227, you’ll get all of the above. Read more here. 3. Fly to Reykjavik for less than US$200 You should be able to find a return ticket to Iceland for no more than ˜US$200, if you book through STA Travel. When there, you might want to book an AirBnb and split the bill with your mates or book a bed in one of the city’s many eccentric and artsy hostels, where you’ll be likely to meet fellow travelers from around the world. In terms of food, we strongly urge you to buy supplies at a local supermarket and cook your own meals, as the Icelandic capital can be very expensive. 4. Hit the road in a campervan Jump into your campervan, turn up the music and savor your freedom. There’s no need to pay for a hostel when you’ve got a campervan, which should set you back ˜US$26 per head, although you might be able to score a month pass through CamperFLEX. Some of the most Instagram-friendly campervan spots on the West Coast to include in your itinerary at all costs are the glitz, glamour and free parking spaces of Las Vegas, Nevada’s stunning black rock desert and the twinkling shores of Santa Barbara. 5. Bag a return to Hanoi You should be able to find cheap returns to Hanoi at a discounted rate through BlueTicket from ˜US$660. Once you’re there, you should be able to get by on little to no money, ˜US$40 a day including accommodation, if you budget and travel by bus. 6. Hike to Machu Picchu Spend six days in Peru hiking on the Andes mountains with a tour guide, mules and your mates for less than US$650 through STA travel. You can also fly to Peru and back from a little over US$1,000, if you book through StudentUniverse. 7. Marvel at South Africa’s natural wonders You can fly to Johannesburg, and back, for less than ˜US$500, if you book through BlueTicket, and once you’re there, you could probably get away with spending less than US$80 a day, if you budget. You’d be sorry to miss Cape Town’s Table Mountain National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rich flora and dazzling panoramic views just off the coast.

The Bio Psychosocial Allows The Person / Group / Community...

The bio-psychosocial allows the person/group/community seeking assistance to tell their own story. It includes the following aspects: Physical/biological, emotional/psychological and social/cultural/historical. The bio-psychosocial assessment is comprised of any hereditary illness or conditions within the family, neurological issues (e.g. learning disables), health care (including prenatal, preventive, dental, mental health) and illnesses and hospitalizations. Additionally, it is comprised of health, medication concerns, and history of substance abuse, physical exam, and concerns regarding the persons’ physical environment, PowerPoint Presentation (2012). I am currently an Administrator within a New York City (NYC) agency which provides services to the mentally ill population throughout all of the NYC Correctional Facilities. Mental health diagnosis include but are not limited to Bipolar, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorders. According to Greene Blitz (2011), mental health needs of People of Color are inadequately addressed. People of Color have less access to mental health services and are thus less likely to receive them. The client population throughout the NYC Correctional Facilities are predominately disenfranchised African – American and Latino men and women. Many patients within the criminal justice system are at risk of recidivism due to their lack of education, substance abuse issues, unemployment, and / or underemployment. An individualShow MoreRelatedSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesthat spirituality and religious beliefs are integral to the nature of the person and have a vital influence on human behavior (Hugen, 1998). Canda (1988) identifies spirituality as a basic aspect of human experience, both within and outside the context of religious institutions. If a social worker is going to approach a person in a holistic manner, he or she must be willing to consider each person as a wondrous compilation of bio-psycho-social-spiritual elements. In this way, workers will have an extremelyRead MoreClient Presentation And Service Delivery10192 Words   |  41 PagesV5 â€Æ' Contents Introduction 4 The Changing Life 6 Stages of Human Development 7 Physical Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Psychological Development Social Development Cognitive Development Affective Development Theories that Inform Community Services Practice 10 Attachment Theory Trauma Trauma Theory Identify Relevant Support for Clients 12 Outcomes Measurement Tools 15 ABAS-II – Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System The Griffith Mental Development Scales (GMDS) The Bayley Scales

Ph Levels Lab Report Essay - 871 Words

The relatively close pH levels of Tap Water, Spring Water, Flavored Water, and Seltzer Water. Introduction This experiment was performed to investigate the following hypothesis: The following four different types of drinking water (spring water, seltzer water, tap water, and flavored water) we test will relatively have the same pH level. Our group decided to test different types of drinking water to see if a pH level of tap water is comparable to other types of water. Many people believe that city water has many chemicals, causing us to form the expirement to see how close the different types of drinking water’s pH levels are. Materials and Methods For the first part of our exiperiment we used the Red Cabbage Indicator. Red†¦show more content†¦We then moved the electrode in one of the beakers of water we wanted to test. We measured the pH level, recorded it, then placed it back into the clean water it was orignally in. We repeated these steps for each of the different type of drinking water. The control treatment in our expirement was thr red cabbage indicator. The dependent variable is the pH of the water. The independent variable is the different types of drinking water ( tap water, spring water, seltzer water, and flavored water). The standard variables in the expirement are the clean test tubes, the clean pipettes, the Paraflim, the pH tester, and the pH levels pH 2, pH 4, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, pH 10, and pH 12. Results Table 1 shows the standard of the standard of the expirement. It is used to compare the color of the red cabbage expirement to form an educated guess on the pH level of the different types of water. Table 2 shows the pH numbers we got from the red cabbage expirement and from the pH tester. This informations enables to compare the red cabbage and the pH tester numbers in order to prove the red cabbages accuaracy, and to prove our hypothesis that all of the pH numbers of the different types of drinking water are relatively close. Table 1: Red Cabbage Indicator standards pH LEVEL | COLOR | 2 | Red | 4 | Pink | 6 | Purple | 7 | Dark Purple | 8 | Blue | 10 | Dark Green | 12 | Green | Table 2: Table of redShow MoreRelatedEnzyme Kinetics Lab Report: The reaction rate of enzyme, -amylase in Starch-Iodine solution at different temperatures and pH levels1980 Words   |  8 Pagesthe relationship between enzymatic reaction affected by temperature and pH. Through the testing the enzyme at different temperatures, and different pH levels; it would determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme worked the most efficiently. Analyzing absorbance of the solutions with spectrophotometery will determine the reaction rate. To test the optimal pH, the starch and a buffer were combined at a specific pH level and tested the absorbance of a solution at various times. To resolve theRead MoreScience Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment: SCI103 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Measuring pH Levels Instructions: Enter the Virtual Lab, and conduct the experiments provided before going out into the filed for additional research. Please type your answers. When your lab report is complete, submit it to the Submitted Assignments area of the Virtual Classroom. Part I: Answer the following questions while in the Phase 1 lab environment. Section 1: You will be testing 4 known solutions for pH levels using a standard wide-rangeRead MoreEnzymes Lab Report1657 Words   |  7 PagesEnzymes Lab Report Inroduction In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions. It helps accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is needed for reactions in cells to progress at a higher rate. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur, yielding products from a given set of reactants. (Unit 7: Enzymes lab) ProductsRead MoreThe Effect Of Low Ph On Enzyme Activity1007 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity Name Institution Affiliation Outline Enzyme: Amylase Source: Barley Substrates: Starch from potatoes Iodine Method: Time-based experiment on the enzyme s reaction to converting Starch into sugars by testing the amount of time in which a 2 cm3 of starch solution would be converted to sugars. Control Group: †¢ Amount of Iodine †¢ Amount of Starch Sample Size: 1.50 g Introduction Enzymes are typically proteins and act as catalysts for variousRead MoreLab Report On The Ph Of The Potential Hydrogen Ion Concentration Of A Solution1492 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter 7 Lab Report Background Research pH is a measure of the potential hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Solutions that have low pH’s or a ph level below 7 are considered acidic. Solutions that have a high pH level or above 7 are considered basic. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution may be. Some examples of solutions that have high acidity and a low pH level are Battery acid, lemon juice, and vinegar. Some solutions that are basic and a high pH level are soapy waterRead MoreEssay on Abstract 1 Finale1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Abstract During this lab report our objective was to take a closer look at enzymes. As a group we analyzed the enzyme catecholase which catalyzes a reaction with the substrate. The substrate is called catechol which becomes a product of benzoquinone. Within two lab reports we focused on factors affecting reaction rate with enzymes. We also designed our own original experiment to examine enzymatic activity. Our experiment was to test different PH ranges on enzymatic reaction rate. We used the sameRead MoreMicroscope Lab Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages Virtual Lab Unit 3 1. Briefly describe the steps required to  aseptically  transfer bacteria from an unknown to a tube of liquid broth.   You might have to research this using the T button (Tell Me More About...) To aseptically transfer bacteria from an unknown to a tube of liquid broth you have to flame the loop or wire before you begin to sterilize it. You then remove the caps from the tubes and flame the mouths of the tubes to prevent air-borne contamination. When all this is done, you haveRead Morelab report 5 Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿BioLab3 Lab Report 5 Enzymes Student Name: Cooper Lyon I. Enzyme Structure and Function EXERCISE 1 – Preparation of an enzyme activity standard At five minute intervals over the next fifteen minute period, record the color intensity of the solution of each test tube. Time (min) Tube S1 Potato Extract + Catechol Tube S2 Potato Extract + Water Tube S3 Catechol + Water 0 Shade of Yellow Clear/Milky Clear/Milky 5 Shade of Yellow Clear/Milky Clear/Milky 10 Orange Clear/Milky Clear/Milky 15Read MoreLab Report on Measuring the Rate of Conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide using Enzyme Catalysis664 Words   |  3 PagesLab Report on Measuring the Rate of Conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide using Enzyme Catalysis In essence, the main objective was to use chemical titration to measure and then calculate the rate of conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen by using the enzyme catalase. Other purposes of the lab were; to measure the effects of changes of temperature, pH, enzymes concentration, and substrate concentration on rates of an enzyme. The lab was also an opportunity to see a catalyzed reactionRead MoreInvestigating The Rate Of Enzyme Activity Within A Experiment Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this report is to determine which catalyst effect the rate of enzyme activity within a experiment. Enzymes lower the energy of activation by binding with substrate in chemical reactions to allow the reaction to occur. energy activation is the reguired amount of energy required amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. This decreases the faster the enzyme reaction goes by the shape change on an active site. the conclusion is that the enviromental conditions such as pH, temperature

Racism The Artificial Category of Race Essay - 1796 Words

Racism: The Artificial Category of Race THESIS: Scientists and other intellectuals recognize the modern concept of race as an artificial category that developed over the past five centuries due to encounters with non-European people. Even though people still attempt to organize humans into categories according to their race, these categories have been shown to have no scientific basis. The term race is a modern concept. Its definition has adopted radically new meaning over the past few centuries. Currently, the term is used to characterize differences among human groups. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the term race in 1512 is a group or class of persons, animals, or things, having some common feature or†¦show more content†¦Classification resulted in the word race being an indication of human species, kind, variety, and type. Thousands of other systems were developed, designed to classify humans to a race according to their skin, brain size, violent behaviors, and intelligence (Holli 132). Physical characteristics, such as hair textures and color, nose, lips, and muscles, sexual habits, morals, and religion were also considered as criteria to assign a race to a human being. Fundamental systems based mainly on physical characteristics allowed scientists to justify racial group placement. Scientists and other intellectuals recognize the modern concept of race as an artificial category that developed over the past five centuries due to encounters with non-European, even though scientists attempted to organize humans into categories according to their race, they have been demonstrated to be unscientific in this century. The definition of race, is a group of people who have certain well-marked characters in common, evolved from terms including races of horses over the past five-hundred years. The word race was first used by the European Americans to describe people they were unaccustomed with. The definition has had numerous meanings including such as, a race of horses, a strong or rapid current of water flowing through a narrow channel, a set course or duration of time, and a track or channel inShow MoreRelatedRace Is An Artificial Category Created By Mankind1067 Words   |  5 PagesRacism is something that everyone has witnessed. People all over the world have been affected by discrimination. Many individuals believe that race is strictly biological however, it can be so much more. Racism deals with not only biology and ancestry, but also social and ethical practices. This discrimination is an artificial category created by mankind. The majority group creates and enforces the beliefs of that grou p onto others of society. These beliefs allow for a majority group to feel superiorRead MoreAffirmative Action Should Not Be A Program1540 Words   |  7 PagesCombat racism, with more racism. That is a strategy that seems so backward in thought that it should not be a program in modern American government and yet is still very active today. Affirmative action is defined as â€Å"the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc† (Merriam-Webster). Affirmative action creates a blatantly unfair advantage in college and job applications to non-minorityRead MoreWhen An Idealist Writes About Racism / Stereotypes1467 Words   |  6 PagesHannah Mecum Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 18th April, 2016 When an Idealist Writes About Racism/ Stereotypes A young woman is walking alone on her way back from a long night shift and she passes an ally. There’s an old, huddled dark skinned old timer plopped in the ominous mouth of the allway and this woman (who was raised to have common sense) clutches her purse and refuses to look in the twinkling man’s eyes. She also refuses to acknowledge him when he calls in a sickly tired voice, â€Å"HaveRead MoreChallenging Government Policy That Perpetuate Racism Essay1781 Words   |  8 PagesGovernment Policy that Perpetuate Racism The United States Constitution was written by the founding fathers, also known as the framers, in the 1700’s which structured the government, as well as government policies. When writing the Constitution, the framers expected that future governing of the United States would be done so by individuals that would think and look like themselves; therefore, the framers did not take into account individuals of a different race or of a different ethnicity. As aRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Does Still Impact Racism Today1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Atlantic slave trade does still impact racism today in the US. The struggles over slavery gave a civil war, segregation, Jim Crow laws, and finally a civil rights movement to help us move forward and progress. Many scholars argue that slavery created racism, in the artificial categories of black and white. Racism was created, at least in large part, to justify slavery. To dumb it down for people who really don t understand is raci sm is basically racial prejudice or discrimination. Some mayRead MoreRacism Is Not Always A Choice It s The Culture And How Your Raised Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is not always a choice it’s the culture and how your raised. If your raised to love your going to love if your raised to hate your raised to hate. And you get a certain image of people that’s not true. Racism is something something we ve all witnessed. Many people fail to believe that race isn’t a biological category, but an artificial classification of people with no scientifically variable facts. In other words, the distinction we make between races has nothing to do with genetic characteristicsRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagesnewspapers? Many stories in the news relate to racism: police brutality, education, crime; the media has a way of portraying these matters or sp ecific incidents to suggest that a vast majority of Americans are racist. What might happen if the media, specifically, and society in general, were to focus on the good aspects of our world and the positive sacrifices that individuals make to create a better world? I wouldn’t be so naà ¯ve to say that racism doesn’t exist, or imply that racist-motivated incidentsRead MoreSummary Of The Ruminant Animal Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery is abolished. Segregation is prohibited. How far has American society progressed in the subject of racism? Claudia Rankine’s Citizen offers a look into the problems that persist today through a compilation of stories and images. She uses facts and literal explanations along with multiple forms of symbolism to express numerous flaws still happening today. Focusing only on one symbol used in the lyric, the ruminant animal, Rankine portrays the American culture’s habit of pressuring peopleRead MoreRace As A Cate gory Of Difference Essay2145 Words   |  9 Pagesthe construction of categories of difference to create meaning and explanations for the distribution of societal roles and statues is essential to analyzing the creation of language and culture. In its most basic form, societal ideologies and value systems deliver themselves through language that shapes the perception of difference and phenomenon. Race plays a particularly important role as a category of difference in American society; the language most directly related to race often coming underRead MoreRace and the Census: Effect on the Social Context of Cultural and Social Identity1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe focus of this research study is to explore the construct of race in the census survey and the effect that it has on the social context of both cultural and social identity. These changes are based on the evolving landscape of the population as it pertains to the characteristics of its people. The Census was first administe red in the 1790 and would take place every ten years . Its main purpose was to better respond to the needs of its citizens and how the government would represent the growing

Nurse Staffing Ratios free essay sample

Not only has the safety and quality of patient care suffered, the working conditions in hospitals have also got worse due to the hospitals not keeping up with increase demand of nurses (Welton, 2007). Hospitals that don’t have adequate staffing tend to have an increased rate of negative patient outcomes. Some of these negative outcomes that are potentially caused by the decrease in nursing care are shock, pneumonia, cardiac arrest and urinary tract infections (Stanton, 2004). This has led to state legislatures adding mandatory laws that promote adequate staffing regardless of the severity or acuity of the patients. The additional costs that are required to staff the hospitals with additional registered nurses are unfunded which means that staffing can be decreased in other work areas (Welton, 2007). This shortage is a problem that is affecting not only the patients, but also the staff. Nurse management and leadership play a significant role in finding a balance among all involved. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse Staffing Ratios or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout this paper, the author will be discussing how the managers and leaders play a significant role in the issue of nurse staffing ratios in order to promote quality and safe care for the patients. Also, the author will discuss some tools and skills that are beneficial in supporting the nursing staff and the overall demands in the hospital setting. Managers and Leaders In every hospital and organization, managers and leaders are both required in order to promote an overall well being and to ensure that all the needs and demands are being met for both patients and staff. Both managers and leaders are responsible in assisting and keeping the hospital or organization running and promoting the organization to continue into the future. Managers and leaders have different distinct roles, but the ones that are the most effective, are the ones that will combine the roles and functions into their workday everyday. There roles and responsibilities can be similar, but also can be different. A manager can be a leader, but a leader isn’t necessarily a manager (GCU, 2011). Managers A manager should make sure that the resources that are provided to the staff are useful, effective, and helpful. The manager should ensure that they have the adequate amount of resources and tools in order to complete there work and job. When it comes to the issue of nurse staffing ratios, the manager has the responsibility of making sure that the unit is staffed to meet the demands of the patients and there level of care, or acuity (GCU, 2011). Utilizing there skills in leadership, quality care, people and communication can all be of benefit. Leadership skills, such as leading by example, are necessary for nurse managers. Quality care skills can be beneficial to gather the necessary data and provide adequate staffing to promote and improve overall performance. People skills are used to interview new employees and hopefully increase staffing for the hospital. Communicating skills are vital for conducting staff meetings and communicating concerns and issues that the nurses may have (Donnelly, 2003). Having this open communication with the nurses and staff can benefit not only the patients, but also the staff. In order for the manager to be effective, they must be consistent. The manager can make a nurses life easier by advocating for them and assisting them with there job responsibilities and concerns (GCU, 2011). Leaders Leaders are those individuals that help to encourage and promote the growth of a hospital or organization. A leader is one that encourages those around them to move forward, and promote optimal care. Leadership is something that takes work and requires one to know there leadership skills and potential. Knowing yourself, effectively communicating your vision, and building trust with others are all parts of being a great leader. This is true with nurse staffing ratios, building trust with the other staff can help in them opening up and communicating how they are feeling about there job mentally, emotionally and physically. As the leader, you want to first establish a vision, and see where the patient, staff, and organization would benefit. When discussing the nurse staffing ratio, you could discuss strategies or other resources that would take some of the responsibilities off the nurses’ workload. It is important to listen and encourage the staff to communicate with one another regarding there concerns and patient workload. This will help the leader have the support when she discusses it with the manager, or administration. There are many barriers when it comes to increasing the staffing, so it can be difficult and take time to see a change happen. Leading by example, motivating and inspiring the other staff are all roles of a leader that can uplift the work environment. As a leader, personal interest, goals and conflicts should not impact the overall goals of the hospital or organization (GCU, 2011). There are times when communication skills are not seen as important compared to other management and leadership skills (Hauser Preston, 2005). When interviewing the author of this paper, Maureen Halstead (personal communication, September 14, 2012), she revealed that she is a leader of her nursing unit and focuses a great deal of time on educating the other staff members. â€Å"I feel that more emphasis needs to be put on communication techniques because if you’re not communicating effectively with the team, then the end result will not be a positive one† (Maureen Halstead, personal communication, September 14, 2012). She revealed that her idea of effective communication is both verbal and nonverbal. Being a good leader, you need to lead by example and carry out that vision effectively on an everyday basis† (Maureen Halstead, personal communication, September 14, 2012). She also feels having the respect and trust from the other staff members is a vital part of being a great leader. Setting up staff meetings to listen and get feedback from all staff members can promote nurse satisfaction, teamwork, and su ccess. Once the issues are addressed, following up and giving feedback can assist in leadership and staff relationship (Maureen Halstead, personal communication, September, 14, 2012). In conclusion, there has been a great deal of research that has been conducted regarding the issue of nurse staffing ratios and the impact it has on patient outcomes. Nurse staffing in the hospitals is a main concern because of the impact it can potentially have on the safety of the patient and the overall quality of care (Stanton, 2004). This has been a problem that has been ongoing for quite sometime. The understaffing of nurses is not only impacting the patients, but also the entire hospital and organization. Nurse can be overworked which can lead to employee burnout (Welton, 2007). Both managers and leaders have certain skills that play an important role in the success and growth of the hospital, and both the patient and employee satisfaction. Some of these skills are integrated by both management and leadership. Regardless if one is a leader or manager, they must be aware of what their role is when utilizing their communication skills both in and out of the hospital (GCU, 2011). Being aware of there roles, skills, and resources can help them to lead by example, which is one of the skills that makes a successful manager and leader.